distorted history under SPLM/SPLA Juba regime
The world's youngest nation, has a complex and tumultuous history characterized by conflict, colonialism, and the struggle for independence. The events leading up to the 2013 door-to-door killings, alleged to have been sponsored by President Salva Kiir's regime, are rooted in the country's historical divisions and political power struggles. In the 19th century, South Sudan was part of the Ottoman Empire's Turkish-Egyptian rule until it came under British control in 1899.
The region remained under Anglo-Egyptian colonial administration until Sudan gained independence in 1956.
Subsequent Arab-dominated governments in Khartoum fueled grievances and marginalization felt by the South Sudanese, leading to the First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972) and the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005). In 2005, the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) ended the second civil war and granted South Sudan autonomy within Sudan.
A referendum in 2011 resulted in an overwhelming vote for independence, and on July 9, 2011, South Sudan officially became the world's newest nation. However, political power struggles and ethnic tensions persisted.
In 2013, President Salva Kiir, an ethnic Dinka, accused his vice president, Riek Machar, a Nuer, of plotting a coup. Violence erupted in Juba, the capital city, with government forces allegedly conducting door-to-door killings targeting the Nuer people. This sparked a civil war between the government and opposition forces, leading to numerous atrocities, large-scale displacement, and a devastating humanitarian crisis. Despite multiple peace agreements, such as the 2015 Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan and the 2018 Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, the country has continued to grapple with instability, violence, and weak governance. Today, South Sudan's history is marked by its people's ongoing quest for peace, stability, and national unity..
Please refer to Final Report of the African Union Commission of Inquiry on South Sudan to see the damaged caused to South Sudanese by Kiir`s regime.
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Assigning blame for South Sudan's instability, violence, and weak governance is a complex issue with multiple factors at play: Political leaders: The power struggle between President Salva Kiir and former Vice President Riek Machar has been a major factor in the country's ongoing conflict. Their failure to build a unified government and resolve ethnic tensions has fueled divisions and violence. Historical marginalization: South Sudan's history of marginalization under colonial and Arab-dominated rule has contributed to longstanding grievances and deep-rooted divisions within the country. Ethnic divisions: The rivalry between the Dinka and Nuer ethnic groups has been a significant factor in the conflict, leading to targeted killings and exacerbating the humanitarian crisis. Regional and international actors: Neighboring countries and global powers have played a role in the conflict through proxy wars and political interference, hampering peace efforts and weakening the government's authority. Corruption and weak institutions: South Sudan faces significant challenges in building strong, accountable institutions. Corruption, nepotism, and weak governance have contributed to the country's instability and hindered development..